Spring Arbor
13

Maddy Rowley

gp
19
avg
.350
hr
0
rbi
5
r
5
sb
1
Player Stats
  Overall OR Conference CR
Games 19 158th 12 164th
Plate appearances 44 120th 26 121st
At Bats 40 117th 24 119th
Runs 5 116th 3 117th
Hits 14 101st 11 96th
Doubles 4 53rd 3 53rd
Triples 0 57th 0 38th
Home Runs 0 69th 0 62nd
Runs Batted In 5 114th 3 112th
Total bases 18 98th 14 95th
Walks 3 118th 1 123rd
Hit by pitch 1 62nd 1 48th
Strikeouts 4 135th 2 140th
Sacrifice Flies 0 78th 0 62nd
Sacrifice Hits 0 104th 0 84th
Hit into double play 0 78th 0 68th
Stolen Bases 1 69th 1 58th
Caught Stealing 0 58th 0 43rd
Batting Average .350 - .458 -
On Base Percentage .409 - .500 -
Slugging Percentage .450 - .583 -
Recent Results
Date Opponent Result
Apr 25 at Indiana Wesleyan L, 12-0
Apr 29 at Goshen W, 8-2
Apr 29 at Goshen W, 6-1
May 4 vs. Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 3-0
May 4 vs. Marian L, 7-1
May 5 vs. Taylor L, 11-3
Date Opponent Score gp ab h rbi bb 2b 3b hr xbh k avg obp slg hbp sf sh hdp go fo go/fo pa
Mar 3 vs. Point Park W, 6-5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 3 vs. Point Park W, 2-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 4 vs. Penn State Greater Allegheny W, 10-3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 0 0 0 - 0 - - 3
Mar 4 vs. Judson W, 14-3 1 2 0 0 - - - - 0 - .000 .000 .000 - - - - 1 1 1.00 2
Mar 7 vs. Penn State-Brandywine W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Bellevue (NE) W, 7-1 1 2 0 2 1 - - - 0 1 .000 .333 .000 - - - - 1 - - 3
Mar 9 vs. Carlow (PA) W, 2-0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Judson W, 8-7 1 4 1 0 - - - - 0 - .250 .250 .250 - - - - 3 - - 4
Mar 10 vs. Penn State New Kensington W, 14-2 1 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1.000 1.000 1.500 0 0 0 - 0 - - 2
Mar 10 vs. Dordt (IA) L, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 15 at Taylor L, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 15 at Taylor W, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 16 at Grace L, 6-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 16 at Grace W, 13-2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.000 1.000 1.000 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 1
Mar 20 at Bethel (IN) W, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 20 at Bethel (IN) W, 8-6 1 4 2 2 - - - - 0 - .500 .500 .500 - - - - - 1 - 4
Mar 21 at Mount Vernon Nazarene W, 5-4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 21 at Mount Vernon Nazarene L, 16-7 1 1 0 0 - - - - 0 - .000 .000 .000 - - - - - 1 - 1
Mar 24 Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 11-6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 24 Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 10-9 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 0 0 0 - 0 - - 1
Mar 28 at Huntington W, 10-4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 28 at Huntington L, 12-5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 Goshen W, 9-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 Goshen L, 12-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .667 .000 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.00 3
Apr 6 Bethel (IN) W, 3-0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 6 Bethel (IN) W, 12-4 1 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 .333 .333 .667 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.00 3
Apr 10 at Marian W, 2-0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 10 at Marian L, 4-0 1 2 2 0 - 1 - - 1 - 1.000 1.000 1.500 - - - - - - - 2
Apr 11 Taylor W, 1-0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 11 Taylor W, 8-1 1 3 0 0 - - - - 0 1 .000 .000 .000 - - - - 1 1 1.00 3
Apr 14 Grace W, 9-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 14 Grace L, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 15 Mount Vernon Nazarene W, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 15 Mount Vernon Nazarene L, 6-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 18 Huntington W, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 18 Huntington L, 5-4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 19 Indiana Wesleyan L, 4-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 19 Indiana Wesleyan L, 6-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 Marian L, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 Marian L, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 22 at Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 10-6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 22 at Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 5-4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 25 at Indiana Wesleyan L, 5-0 1 1 0 0 - - - - 0 1 .000 .000 .000 - - - - - - - 1
Apr 25 at Indiana Wesleyan L, 12-0 1 1 1 0 - - - - 0 - 1.000 1.000 1.000 - - - - - - - 1
Apr 29 at Goshen W, 8-2 1 2 1 0 - - - - 0 - .500 .500 .500 - - - - - 1 - 2
Apr 29 at Goshen W, 6-1 1 4 3 0 - 1 - - 1 - .750 .750 1.000 - - - - - 1 - 4
May 4 vs. Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 3-0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 4 vs. Marian L, 7-1 1 2 0 0 1 - - - 0 1 .000 .333 .000 - - - - 1 - - 3
May 5 vs. Taylor L, 11-3 1 1 0 0 - - - - 0 - .000 .000 .000 - - - - - 1 - 1
Date Opponent Score gp r tb sb cs
Mar 3 vs. Point Park W, 6-5 - - - - -
Mar 3 vs. Point Park W, 2-1 - - - - -
Mar 4 vs. Penn State Greater Allegheny W, 10-3 1 0 0 0 0
Mar 4 vs. Judson W, 14-3 1 0 0 - -
Mar 7 vs. Penn State-Brandywine W, 4-3 - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Bellevue (NE) W, 7-1 1 0 0 - -
Mar 9 vs. Carlow (PA) W, 2-0 - - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Judson W, 8-7 1 0 1 - -
Mar 10 vs. Penn State New Kensington W, 14-2 1 2 3 0 0
Mar 10 vs. Dordt (IA) L, 4-3 - - - - -
Mar 15 at Taylor L, 5-3 - - - - -
Mar 15 at Taylor W, 3-2 - - - - -
Mar 16 at Grace L, 6-2 - - - - -
Mar 16 at Grace W, 13-2 1 0 1 0 0
Mar 20 at Bethel (IN) W, 3-2 - - - - -
Mar 20 at Bethel (IN) W, 8-6 1 1 2 - -
Mar 21 at Mount Vernon Nazarene W, 5-4 - - - - -
Mar 21 at Mount Vernon Nazarene L, 16-7 1 0 0 - -
Mar 24 Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 11-6 - - - - -
Mar 24 Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 10-9 1 0 0 0 0
Mar 28 at Huntington W, 10-4 - - - - -
Mar 28 at Huntington L, 12-5 - - - - -
Apr 4 Goshen W, 9-1 - - - - -
Apr 4 Goshen L, 12-2 1 1 0 0 0
Apr 6 Bethel (IN) W, 3-0 - - - - -
Apr 6 Bethel (IN) W, 12-4 1 1 2 0 0
Apr 10 at Marian W, 2-0 - - - - -
Apr 10 at Marian L, 4-0 1 0 3 - -
Apr 11 Taylor W, 1-0 - - - - -
Apr 11 Taylor W, 8-1 1 0 0 - -
Apr 14 Grace W, 9-2 - - - - -
Apr 14 Grace L, 4-2 - - - - -
Apr 15 Mount Vernon Nazarene W, 3-1 - - - - -
Apr 15 Mount Vernon Nazarene L, 6-2 - - - - -
Apr 18 Huntington W, 3-2 - - - - -
Apr 18 Huntington L, 5-4 - - - - -
Apr 19 Indiana Wesleyan L, 4-1 - - - - -
Apr 19 Indiana Wesleyan L, 6-2 - - - - -
Apr 21 Marian L, 4-3 - - - - -
Apr 21 Marian L, 3-1 - - - - -
Apr 22 at Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 10-6 - - - - -
Apr 22 at Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 5-4 - - - - -
Apr 25 at Indiana Wesleyan L, 5-0 1 0 0 - -
Apr 25 at Indiana Wesleyan L, 12-0 1 0 1 - -
Apr 29 at Goshen W, 8-2 1 0 1 - -
Apr 29 at Goshen W, 6-1 1 0 4 1 -
May 4 vs. Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 3-0 - - - - -
May 4 vs. Marian L, 7-1 1 0 0 - -
May 5 vs. Taylor L, 11-3 1 0 0 - -
Date Opponent Score gp w l ip h r er era k k/7 hr whip
Mar 3 vs. Point Park W, 6-5 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 3 vs. Point Park W, 2-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 4 vs. Penn State Greater Allegheny W, 10-3 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Mar 4 vs. Judson W, 14-3 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Mar 7 vs. Penn State-Brandywine W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Bellevue (NE) W, 7-1 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Mar 9 vs. Carlow (PA) W, 2-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Judson W, 8-7 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Mar 10 vs. Penn State New Kensington W, 14-2 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Mar 10 vs. Dordt (IA) L, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 15 at Taylor L, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 15 at Taylor W, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 16 at Grace L, 6-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 16 at Grace W, 13-2 1 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 0 .00 0 -
Mar 20 at Bethel (IN) W, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 20 at Bethel (IN) W, 8-6 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Mar 21 at Mount Vernon Nazarene W, 5-4 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 21 at Mount Vernon Nazarene L, 16-7 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Mar 24 Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 11-6 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 24 Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 10-9 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Mar 28 at Huntington W, 10-4 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 28 at Huntington L, 12-5 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 Goshen W, 9-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 Goshen L, 12-2 1 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 0 .00 0 -
Apr 6 Bethel (IN) W, 3-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 6 Bethel (IN) W, 12-4 1 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 0 .00 0 -
Apr 10 at Marian W, 2-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 10 at Marian L, 4-0 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Apr 11 Taylor W, 1-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 11 Taylor W, 8-1 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Apr 14 Grace W, 9-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 14 Grace L, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 15 Mount Vernon Nazarene W, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 15 Mount Vernon Nazarene L, 6-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 18 Huntington W, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 18 Huntington L, 5-4 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 19 Indiana Wesleyan L, 4-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 19 Indiana Wesleyan L, 6-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 Marian L, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 Marian L, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 22 at Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 10-6 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 22 at Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 5-4 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 25 at Indiana Wesleyan L, 5-0 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Apr 25 at Indiana Wesleyan L, 12-0 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Apr 29 at Goshen W, 8-2 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Apr 29 at Goshen W, 6-1 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
May 4 vs. Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 3-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 4 vs. Marian L, 7-1 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
May 5 vs. Taylor L, 11-3 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 0 .00 - -
Date Opponent Score gp tc po a e pb f% dp sba rcs rcs% ci
Mar 3 vs. Point Park W, 6-5 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 3 vs. Point Park W, 2-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 4 vs. Penn State Greater Allegheny W, 10-3 1 11 10 0 1 0 .909 0 0 0 - 0
Mar 4 vs. Judson W, 14-3 1 4 4 0 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Penn State-Brandywine W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Bellevue (NE) W, 7-1 1 8 6 1 1 - .875 - - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Carlow (PA) W, 2-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Judson W, 8-7 1 4 4 0 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Mar 10 vs. Penn State New Kensington W, 14-2 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0
Mar 10 vs. Dordt (IA) L, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 15 at Taylor L, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 15 at Taylor W, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 16 at Grace L, 6-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 16 at Grace W, 13-2 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0
Mar 20 at Bethel (IN) W, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 20 at Bethel (IN) W, 8-6 1 6 5 1 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Mar 21 at Mount Vernon Nazarene W, 5-4 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 21 at Mount Vernon Nazarene L, 16-7 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 24 Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 11-6 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 24 Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 10-9 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0
Mar 28 at Huntington W, 10-4 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 28 at Huntington L, 12-5 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 Goshen W, 9-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 Goshen L, 12-2 1 10 7 3 0 0 1.000 0 3 1 .250 0
Apr 6 Bethel (IN) W, 3-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 6 Bethel (IN) W, 12-4 1 2 2 0 0 0 1.000 0 2 0 .000 0
Apr 10 at Marian W, 2-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 10 at Marian L, 4-0 1 4 4 0 0 - 1.000 - 2 - - -
Apr 11 Taylor W, 1-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 11 Taylor W, 8-1 1 2 2 0 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Apr 14 Grace W, 9-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 14 Grace L, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 15 Mount Vernon Nazarene W, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 15 Mount Vernon Nazarene L, 6-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 18 Huntington W, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 18 Huntington L, 5-4 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 19 Indiana Wesleyan L, 4-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 19 Indiana Wesleyan L, 6-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 Marian L, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 Marian L, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 22 at Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 10-6 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 22 at Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 5-4 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 25 at Indiana Wesleyan L, 5-0 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 25 at Indiana Wesleyan L, 12-0 1 4 4 0 0 - 1.000 - 2 - - -
Apr 29 at Goshen W, 8-2 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 29 at Goshen W, 6-1 1 8 8 0 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
May 4 vs. Saint Francis (Ind.) W, 3-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 4 vs. Marian L, 7-1 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
May 5 vs. Taylor L, 11-3 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
  gp ab h rbi bb 2b 3b hr xbh k avg obp slg hbp sf sh hdp go fo go/fo pa
2022-23 19 40 14 5 3 4 0 0 4 4 .350 .409 .450 1 0 0 0 7 10 0.70 44
Total 19 40 14 5 3 4 0 0 4 4 .350 .409 .450 1 0 0 0 7 10 0.70 44
  gp r tb sb cs
2022-23 19 5 18 1 0
Total 19 5 18 1 0
  era w l app gs sv ip h r er bb k k/7 hr whip bf wp hbp
2022-23 0.00 0 0 3 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 0 - 0 0 0
Total 0.00 0 0 3 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 0 - 0 0 0
  gp tc po a e pb f% dp sba rcs rcs% ci
2022-23 19 63 56 5 2 0 .968 0 9 1 .100 0
Total 19 63 56 5 2 0 .968 0 9 1 .100 0
  gp ab h rbi bb 2b 3b hr xbh k avg obp slg hbp sf sh hdp go fo go/fo pa
Total 19 40 14 5 3 4 0 0 4 4 .350 .409 .450 1 0 0 0 7 10 0.70 44
Conference 12 24 11 3 1 3 0 0 3 2 .458 .500 .583 1 0 0 0 1 8 0.13 26
Exhibition - - - - - - - - 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0
                                           
Home 4 8 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 .125 .300 .250 1 0 0 0 1 4 0.25 10
Away 8 16 10 2 0 2 0 0 2 1 .625 .625 .750 0 0 0 0 0 4 0.00 16
Neutral 7 16 3 2 2 1 0 0 1 2 .188 .278 .250 0 0 0 - 6 2 3.00 18
                                           
Wins 12 31 11 5 1 3 0 0 3 2 .355 .375 .452 0 0 0 0 6 7 0.86 32
Losses 7 9 3 0 2 1 0 0 1 2 .333 .500 .444 1 0 0 0 1 3 0.33 12
                                           
March 9 20 6 4 1 1 0 0 1 1 .300 .333 .350 0 0 0 0 5 3 1.67 21
April 8 17 8 1 1 3 0 0 3 2 .471 .526 .647 1 0 0 0 1 6 0.17 19
May 2 3 0 0 1 - - - 0 1 .000 .250 .000 - - - - 1 1 1.00 4
  gp r tb sb cs
Total 19 5 18 1 0
Conference 12 3 14 1 0
Exhibition - - 0 - -
           
Home 4 2 2 0 0
Away 8 1 12 1 0
Neutral 7 2 4 0 0
           
Wins 12 4 14 1 0
Losses 7 1 4 0 0
           
March 9 3 7 0 0
April 8 2 11 1 0
May 2 0 0 - -
  era w l app gs sv ip h r er bb k k/7 hr whip bf wp hbp
Total 0.00 0 0 3 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 0 - 0 0 0
Conference 0.00 0 0 3 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 0 - 0 0 0
Exhibition 0.00 - - - - - 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
                                     
Home 0.00 0 0 2 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 0 - 0 0 0
Away 0.00 0 0 1 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 0 - 0 0 0
Neutral 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
                                     
Wins 0.00 0 0 2 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 0 - 0 0 0
Losses 0.00 0 0 1 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 0 - 0 0 0
                                     
March 0.00 0 0 1 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 0 - 0 0 0
April 0.00 0 0 2 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 0 - 0 0 0
May 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
  gp tc po a e pb f% dp sba rcs rcs% ci
Total 19 63 56 5 2 0 .968 0 9 1 .100 0
Conference 12 36 32 4 0 0 1.000 0 9 1 .100 0
Exhibition - 0 - - - - - - - - - -
                         
Home 4 14 11 3 0 0 1.000 0 5 1 .167 0
Away 8 22 21 1 0 0 1.000 0 4 0 .000 0
Neutral 7 27 24 1 2 0 .926 0 0 0 - 0
                         
Wins 12 45 41 2 2 0 .956 0 2 0 .000 0
Losses 7 18 15 3 0 0 1.000 0 7 1 .125 0
                         
March 9 33 29 2 2 0 .939 0 0 0 - 0
April 8 30 27 3 0 0 1.000 0 9 1 .100 0
May 2 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -